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just like scientific discoveries happen

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just like scientific discoveries happen
 

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just like scientific discoveries happen
every day in today's laboratories so

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every day in today's laboratories so
 

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every day in today's laboratories so
planetary spacecraft over the last

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planetary spacecraft over the last
 

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planetary spacecraft over the last
several decades have made startling

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several decades have made startling
 

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several decades have made startling
discoveries concerning the solar system

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discoveries concerning the solar system
 

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discoveries concerning the solar system
we live in

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we live in
 

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we live in
in the quest for better understanding of

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in the quest for better understanding of
 

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in the quest for better understanding of
the world and universe

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the world and universe
 

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the world and universe
galileo the jovian laboratory

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the spectacular achievements of voyager

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the spectacular achievements of voyager
 

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the spectacular achievements of voyager
1 and 2 as they flew past jupiter and

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1 and 2 as they flew past jupiter and
 

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1 and 2 as they flew past jupiter and
its satellites far exceed the

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its satellites far exceed the
 

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its satellites far exceed the
capabilities of earth-based telescopes

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new discoveries heighten our awareness

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new discoveries heighten our awareness
 

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new discoveries heighten our awareness
raising new questions

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raising new questions
 

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raising new questions
what part do earth and its inhabitants

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what part do earth and its inhabitants
 

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what part do earth and its inhabitants
play in this universal scene

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play in this universal scene
 

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play in this universal scene
how is earth different from other

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how is earth different from other
 

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how is earth different from other
planets in our solar system

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planets in our solar system
 

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planets in our solar system
how are we the same

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how are we the same
 

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how are we the same
as voyager past jupiter it discovered a

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as voyager past jupiter it discovered a
 

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as voyager past jupiter it discovered a
thin ring about the planet

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thin ring about the planet
 

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thin ring about the planet
what is its composition

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what is its composition
 

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what is its composition
we know there are 16 moons are there

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we know there are 16 moons are there
 

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we know there are 16 moons are there
more

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several of the satellites are composed

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several of the satellites are composed
 

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several of the satellites are composed
partially of water ice

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partially of water ice
 

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partially of water ice
one is violently volcanic

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one is violently volcanic
 

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one is violently volcanic
how did these bodies form and what is

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how did these bodies form and what is
 

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how did these bodies form and what is
their history

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their history
 

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their history
what can this giant planet tell us about

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what can this giant planet tell us about
 

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what can this giant planet tell us about
the history of our solar system

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the history of our solar system
 

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the history of our solar system
dr torrance johnson project scientist

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dr torrance johnson project scientist
 

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dr torrance johnson project scientist
well jupiter itself of course we believe

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well jupiter itself of course we believe
 

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well jupiter itself of course we believe
to be composed primarily of material

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to be composed primarily of material
 

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to be composed primarily of material
that's very similar and virtually

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that's very similar and virtually
 

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that's very similar and virtually
unchanged uh

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unchanged uh
 

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unchanged uh
in the last four billion years to the

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in the last four billion years to the
 

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in the last four billion years to the
material that formed all of the planets

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material that formed all of the planets
 

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material that formed all of the planets
the fundamental solar nebula if you will

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the fundamental solar nebula if you will
 

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the fundamental solar nebula if you will
the gas and dust from which all the

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the gas and dust from which all the
 

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the gas and dust from which all the
planets formed in addition to which the

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planets formed in addition to which the
 

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planets formed in addition to which the
satellite systems surrounding its

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satellite systems surrounding its
 

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satellite systems surrounding its
magnetic field

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magnetic field
 

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magnetic field
environment make it virtually a

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environment make it virtually a
 

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environment make it virtually a
miniature solar system so by studying

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miniature solar system so by studying
 

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miniature solar system so by studying
this system we can learn a lot about how

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this system we can learn a lot about how
 

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this system we can learn a lot about how
the solar system as a whole formed and

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the solar system as a whole formed and
 

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the solar system as a whole formed and
something about our own origins

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something about our own origins
 

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something about our own origins
galileo the new generation spacecraft is

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galileo the new generation spacecraft is
 

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galileo the new generation spacecraft is
designed to spend an extended period of

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designed to spend an extended period of
 

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designed to spend an extended period of
time in the jovian system

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the spacecraft will release a probe to

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the spacecraft will release a probe to
 

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the spacecraft will release a probe to
fly its own trajectory to jupiter

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the orbiter is then targeted to its

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the orbiter is then targeted to its
 

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the orbiter is then targeted to its
first encounter io a moon known to have

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first encounter io a moon known to have
 

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first encounter io a moon known to have
very active volcanoes

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then the orbiter points its relay

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then the orbiter points its relay
 

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then the orbiter points its relay
antenna toward the probe which begins

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antenna toward the probe which begins
 

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antenna toward the probe which begins
its descent into jupiter's atmosphere

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once there it will investigate the

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once there it will investigate the
 

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once there it will investigate the
composition temperatures and pressures

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composition temperatures and pressures
 

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composition temperatures and pressures
at varying levels and send data back to

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at varying levels and send data back to
 

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at varying levels and send data back to
the orbiter

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the orbiter
 

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the orbiter
which will re-transmit it to earth

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the orbiter will loop through jupiter's

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the orbiter will loop through jupiter's
 

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the orbiter will loop through jupiter's
system measuring and observing the giant

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system measuring and observing the giant
 

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system measuring and observing the giant
magnetic field and plasma as well as the

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magnetic field and plasma as well as the
 

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magnetic field and plasma as well as the
intense radiation that surrounds jupiter

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intense radiation that surrounds jupiter
 

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intense radiation that surrounds jupiter
while performing closer studies of the

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while performing closer studies of the
 

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while performing closer studies of the
moons

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the combination of closer encounters and

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the combination of closer encounters and
 

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the combination of closer encounters and
advanced instrument technologies carried

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advanced instrument technologies carried
 

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advanced instrument technologies carried
on board galileo will give much better

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on board galileo will give much better
 

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on board galileo will give much better
definition of surfaces than ever before

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specific major advances that we've made

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specific major advances that we've made
 

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specific major advances that we've made
is in the camera system where we're

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is in the camera system where we're
 

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is in the camera system where we're
using the same optical system same

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using the same optical system same
 

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using the same optical system same
telescope if you will that voyager did

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telescope if you will that voyager did
 

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telescope if you will that voyager did
but instead of having a relatively slow

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but instead of having a relatively slow
 

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but instead of having a relatively slow
and insensitive vidicon tube

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and insensitive vidicon tube
 

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and insensitive vidicon tube
such as was used in tv cameras in the

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such as was used in tv cameras in the
 

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such as was used in tv cameras in the
50s and 60s

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50s and 60s
 

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50s and 60s
instead of that at the focus of the the

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instead of that at the focus of the the
 

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instead of that at the focus of the the
telescope we now have a silicon based

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telescope we now have a silicon based
 

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telescope we now have a silicon based
device a charged couple device

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device a charged couple device
 

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device a charged couple device
camera system which gives us a

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camera system which gives us a
 

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camera system which gives us a
increase in speed or sensitivity of the

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increase in speed or sensitivity of the
 

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increase in speed or sensitivity of the
instrument of between 300 and a thousand

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instrument of between 300 and a thousand
 

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instrument of between 300 and a thousand
times

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times
 

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times
that allows us to take much higher

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that allows us to take much higher
 

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that allows us to take much higher
resolution pictures much closer

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resolution pictures much closer
 

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resolution pictures much closer
without blurring and it also gives us

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without blurring and it also gives us
 

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without blurring and it also gives us
access to a little bit of the infrared

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access to a little bit of the infrared
 

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access to a little bit of the infrared
part of the spectrum that was totally

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part of the spectrum that was totally
 

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part of the spectrum that was totally
inaccessible to the voyager cameras

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inaccessible to the voyager cameras
 

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inaccessible to the voyager cameras
now in addition to that in the infrared

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now in addition to that in the infrared
 

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now in addition to that in the infrared
we have an entirely new device called

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we have an entirely new device called
 

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we have an entirely new device called
the near-infrared mapping spectrometer

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the near-infrared mapping spectrometer
 

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the near-infrared mapping spectrometer
which if you will is a little bit like a

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which if you will is a little bit like a
 

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which if you will is a little bit like a
landsat type device

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landsat type device
 

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landsat type device
giving us images in many different

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giving us images in many different
 

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giving us images in many different
spectral bands and we'll have about 300

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spectral bands and we'll have about 300
 

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spectral bands and we'll have about 300
different spectral bands what this means

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different spectral bands what this means
 

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different spectral bands what this means
is we'll have from this device pictures

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is we'll have from this device pictures
 

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is we'll have from this device pictures
with relatively modest resolution

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with relatively modest resolution
 

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with relatively modest resolution
spatially but with where each pixel

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spatially but with where each pixel
 

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spatially but with where each pixel
element within the picture will have a

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element within the picture will have a
 

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element within the picture will have a
300 channel spectrum attached we're

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300 channel spectrum attached we're
 

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300 channel spectrum attached we're
going to be using this in both jupiter

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going to be using this in both jupiter
 

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going to be using this in both jupiter
and the satellites to map composition on

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and the satellites to map composition on
 

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and the satellites to map composition on
their surfaces study the characteristics

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their surfaces study the characteristics
 

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their surfaces study the characteristics
of jovian clouds find out where ices are

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of jovian clouds find out where ices are
 

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of jovian clouds find out where ices are
on the surface try to identify the

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on the surface try to identify the
 

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on the surface try to identify the
materials frozen out on the surface of

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materials frozen out on the surface of
 

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materials frozen out on the surface of
io for instance

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enroute to jupiter galileo will pick up

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enroute to jupiter galileo will pick up
 

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enroute to jupiter galileo will pick up
energy by utilizing gravity assists

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energy by utilizing gravity assists
 

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energy by utilizing gravity assists
while traveling once by venus and twice

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while traveling once by venus and twice
 

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while traveling once by venus and twice
by earth

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by earth
 

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by earth
in addition to the bonus of studying

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in addition to the bonus of studying
 

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in addition to the bonus of studying
these two planets and earth's moon

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these two planets and earth's moon
 

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these two planets and earth's moon
galileo will perform close flybys on one

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galileo will perform close flybys on one
 

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galileo will perform close flybys on one
or two asteroids never before closely

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or two asteroids never before closely
 

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or two asteroids never before closely
observed

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then galileo will rendezvous with

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00:05:26,790 --> 00:05:26,800
then galileo will rendezvous with
 

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then galileo will rendezvous with
jupiter and its moons in 1995.

254
00:05:31,990 --> 00:05:32,000

 

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this unique trajectory will allow

256
00:05:33,990 --> 00:05:34,000
this unique trajectory will allow
 

257
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this unique trajectory will allow
galileo to reach its ultimate goal

258
00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:36,560
galileo to reach its ultimate goal
 

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galileo to reach its ultimate goal
returning a bonanza of scientific

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00:05:38,710 --> 00:05:38,720
returning a bonanza of scientific
 

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returning a bonanza of scientific
knowledge and discoveries from jupiter's

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00:05:40,870 --> 00:05:40,880
knowledge and discoveries from jupiter's
 

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knowledge and discoveries from jupiter's
system